What is the Difference Between Achalasia and GERD?

Achalasia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are both conditions related to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), but they have distinct differences:

1. Function: In GERD, the LES is either hypotensive or displays frequent relaxations, allowing stomach acid and food to flow back into the esophagus. In achalasia, the LES may be hypertensive and show impaired relaxation in response to swallowing, making it difficult for food and liquids to pass from the esophagus to the stomach.
2. Symptoms: GERD is characterized by heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain, while achalasia can cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), chest pain, heartburn, and regurgitation. In the early stages of achalasia, chest pain or heartburn and regurgitation are commonly observed.
3. Diagnosis: The cause of achalasia is different from the cause of acid reflux. Achalasia is suspected to be caused by a loss of nerve cells in the esophagus, possibly due to an immune system response to a virus. In contrast, GERD is typically caused by a weak or damaged LES, which allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.
4. Treatment: Treatments for GERD include lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery. Achalasia, on the other hand, is usually managed with endoscopy, minimally invasive therapy, or surgery, as there is no cure for the condition.

In some cases, achalasia may be misdiagnosed as GERD, leading to delayed treatment and potential complications. It is crucial to consult a gastroenterologist to determine the correct cause of symptoms and receive appropriate treatment.

Comparative Table: Achalasia vs GERD

Here is a table comparing the differences between Achalasia and GERD:

It is important to note that while achalasia and GERD both involve the lower esophageal sphincter, they have distinct causes and treatments.