What is the Difference Between Accelerometer and Gyroscope?

An accelerometer and a gyroscope are both sensors used to measure motion, but they differ in the type of motion they measure. Here are the main differences between the two:

• Function: Accelerometers measure linear acceleration (specified in mV/g) along one or several axes. Gyroscopes, on the other hand, measure angular velocity (specified in mV/deg/s) around one or several axes. In summary, accelerometers sense changes in speed and direction, while gyroscopes sense rotational speed.
• Sensing Mechanism: Accelerometers measure the displacement of a mass with a position-measuring device, such as a strain gauge or a conductive polymer. Gyroscopes measure both the displacement of the resonating mass and its frame due to the Coriolis effect.
• Applications: Accelerometers are used in various applications, such as detecting shocks, monitoring machine conditions, or measuring vibrations. Gyroscopes are used in navigation on unmanned aerial vehicles, compasses, and large boats.
• Sensitivity: The gyroscope is a very sensitive sensor with high SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) to measure the smallest changes. As a result, accelerometer measurements are lower, which can affect its accuracy and precision.

In summary, accelerometers measure linear acceleration (changes in speed and direction), while gyroscopes measure angular velocity (rotational speed). They have different sensing mechanisms and are used in various applications, with gyroscopes being more sensitive to small changes in output.

Comparative Table: Accelerometer vs Gyroscope

Here is a table comparing the differences between accelerometers and gyroscopes:

Accelerometers are used to track movement in a straight line and measure linear acceleration, while gyroscopes are used to measure angular position, orientation, and rate of change of orientation in three dimensions.